1
       2
       3
       4
       5
       6
       7
       8
       9
      10
      11
      12
      13
      14
      15
      16
      17
      18
      19
      20
      21
      22
      23
      24
      25
      26
      27
      28
      29
      30
      31
      32
      33
      34
      35
      36
      37
      38
      39
      40
      41
      42
      43
      44
      45
      46
      47
      48
      49
      50
      51
      52
      53
      54
      55
      56
      57
      58
      59
      60
      61
      62
      63
      64
      65
      66
      67
      68
      69
      70
      71
      72
      73
      74
      75
      76
      77
      78
      79
      80
      81
      82
      83
      84
      85
      86
      87
      88
      89
      90
      91
      92
      93
      94
      95
      96
      97
      98
      99
     100
     101
     102
     103
     104
     105
     106
     107
     108
     109
     110
     111
     112
     113
     114
     115
     116
     117
     118
     119
     120
     121
     122
     123
     124
     125
     126
     127
     128
     129
     130
     131
     132
     133
     134
     135
     136
     137
     138
     139
     140
     141
     142
     143
     144
     145
     146
     147
     148
     149
     150
     151
     152
     153
     154
     155
     156
     157
     158
     159
     160
     161
     162
     163
     164
     165
     166
     167
     168
     169
     170
     171
     172
     173
     174
     175
     176
     177
     178
     179
     180
     181
     182
     183
     184
     185
     186
     187
     188
     189
     190
     191
     192
     193
     194
     195
     196
     197
     198
     199
     200
     201
     202
     203
     204
     205
     206
     207
     208
     209
     210
     211
     212
     213
     214
     215
     216
     217
     218
     219
     220
     221
     222
     223
     224
     225
     226
     227
     228
     229
     230
     231
     232
     233
     234
     235
     236
     237
     238
     239
     240
     241
     242
     243
     244
     245
     246
     247
     248
     249
     250
     251
     252
     253
     254
     255
     256
     257
     258
     259
     260
     261
     262
     263
     264
     265
     266
     267
     268
     269
     270
     271
     272
     273
     274
     275
     276
     277
     278
     279
     280
     281
     282
     283
     284
     285
     286
     287
     288
     289
     290
     291
     292
     293
     294
     295
     296
     297
     298
     299
     300
     301
     302
     303
     304
     305
     306
     307
     308
     309
     310
     311
     312
     313
     314
     315
     316
     317
     318
     319
     320
     321
     322
     323
     324
     325
     326
     327
     328
     329
     330
     331
     332
     333
     334
     335
     336
     337
     338
     339
     340
     341
     342
     343
     344
     345
     346
     347
     348
     349
     350
     351
     352
     353
     354
     355
     356
     357
     358
     359
     360
     361
     362
     363
     364
     365
     366
     367
     368
     369
     370
     371
     372
     373
     374
     375
     376
     377
     378
     379
     380
     381
     382
     383
     384
     385
     386
     387
     388
     389
     390
     391
     392
      SUBROUTINE CTPRFS( UPLO, TRANS, DIAG, N, NRHS, AP, B, LDB, X, LDX,
     $                   FERR, BERR, WORK, RWORK, INFO )
*
*  -- LAPACK routine (version 3.2) --
*  -- LAPACK is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee,    --
*  -- Univ. of California Berkeley, Univ. of Colorado Denver and NAG Ltd..--
*     November 2006
*
*     Modified to call CLACN2 in place of CLACON, 10 Feb 03, SJH.
*
*     .. Scalar Arguments ..
      CHARACTER          DIAG, TRANS, UPLO
      INTEGER            INFO, LDB, LDX, N, NRHS
*     ..
*     .. Array Arguments ..
      REAL               BERR( * ), FERR( * ), RWORK( * )
      COMPLEX            AP( * ), B( LDB, * ), WORK( * ), X( LDX, * )
*     ..
*
*  Purpose
*  =======
*
*  CTPRFS provides error bounds and backward error estimates for the
*  solution to a system of linear equations with a triangular packed
*  coefficient matrix.
*
*  The solution matrix X must be computed by CTPTRS or some other
*  means before entering this routine.  CTPRFS does not do iterative
*  refinement because doing so cannot improve the backward error.
*
*  Arguments
*  =========
*
*  UPLO    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'U':  A is upper triangular;
*          = 'L':  A is lower triangular.
*
*  TRANS   (input) CHARACTER*1
*          Specifies the form of the system of equations:
*          = 'N':  A * X = B     (No transpose)
*          = 'T':  A**T * X = B  (Transpose)
*          = 'C':  A**H * X = B  (Conjugate transpose)
*
*  DIAG    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'N':  A is non-unit triangular;
*          = 'U':  A is unit triangular.
*
*  N       (input) INTEGER
*          The order of the matrix A.  N >= 0.
*
*  NRHS    (input) INTEGER
*          The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns
*          of the matrices B and X.  NRHS >= 0.
*
*  AP      (input) COMPLEX array, dimension (N*(N+1)/2)
*          The upper or lower triangular matrix A, packed columnwise in
*          a linear array.  The j-th column of A is stored in the array
*          AP as follows:
*          if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j;
*          if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n.
*          If DIAG = 'U', the diagonal elements of A are not referenced
*          and are assumed to be 1.
*
*  B       (input) COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB,NRHS)
*          The right hand side matrix B. 
*
*  LDB     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array B.  LDB >= max(1,N).
*
*  X       (input) COMPLEX array, dimension (LDX,NRHS)
*          The solution matrix X.
*
*  LDX     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array X.  LDX >= max(1,N).
*
*  FERR    (output) REAL array, dimension (NRHS)
*          The estimated forward error bound for each solution vector
*          X(j) (the j-th column of the solution matrix X).
*          If XTRUE is the true solution corresponding to X(j), FERR(j)
*          is an estimated upper bound for the magnitude of the largest
*          element in (X(j) - XTRUE) divided by the magnitude of the
*          largest element in X(j).  The estimate is as reliable as
*          the estimate for RCOND, and is almost always a slight
*          overestimate of the true error.
*
*  BERR    (output) REAL array, dimension (NRHS)
*          The componentwise relative backward error of each solution
*          vector X(j) (i.e., the smallest relative change in
*          any element of A or B that makes X(j) an exact solution).
*
*  WORK    (workspace) COMPLEX array, dimension (2*N)
*
*  RWORK   (workspace) REAL array, dimension (N)
*
*  INFO    (output) INTEGER
*          = 0:  successful exit
*          < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*
*  =====================================================================
*
*     .. Parameters ..
      REAL               ZERO
      PARAMETER          ( ZERO = 0.0E+0 )
      COMPLEX            ONE
      PARAMETER          ( ONE = ( 1.0E+00.0E+0 ) )
*     ..
*     .. Local Scalars ..
      LOGICAL            NOTRAN, NOUNIT, UPPER
      CHARACTER          TRANSN, TRANST
      INTEGER            I, J, K, KASE, KC, NZ
      REAL               EPS, LSTRES, S, SAFE1, SAFE2, SAFMIN, XK
      COMPLEX            ZDUM
*     ..
*     .. Local Arrays ..
      INTEGER            ISAVE( 3 )
*     ..
*     .. External Subroutines ..
      EXTERNAL           CAXPY, CCOPY, CLACN2, CTPMV, CTPSV, XERBLA
*     ..
*     .. Intrinsic Functions ..
      INTRINSIC          ABSAIMAGMAX, REAL
*     ..
*     .. External Functions ..
      LOGICAL            LSAME
      REAL               SLAMCH
      EXTERNAL           LSAME, SLAMCH
*     ..
*     .. Statement Functions ..
      REAL               CABS1
*     ..
*     .. Statement Function definitions ..
      CABS1( ZDUM ) = ABSREAL( ZDUM ) ) + ABSAIMAG( ZDUM ) )
*     ..
*     .. Executable Statements ..
*
*     Test the input parameters.
*
      INFO = 0
      UPPER = LSAME( UPLO, 'U' )
      NOTRAN = LSAME( TRANS, 'N' )
      NOUNIT = LSAME( DIAG, 'N' )
*
      IF.NOT.UPPER .AND. .NOT.LSAME( UPLO, 'L' ) ) THEN
         INFO = -1
      ELSE IF.NOT.NOTRAN .AND. .NOT.LSAME( TRANS, 'T' ) .AND. .NOT.
     $         LSAME( TRANS, 'C' ) ) THEN
         INFO = -2
      ELSE IF.NOT.NOUNIT .AND. .NOT.LSAME( DIAG, 'U' ) ) THEN
         INFO = -3
      ELSE IF( N.LT.0 ) THEN
         INFO = -4
      ELSE IF( NRHS.LT.0 ) THEN
         INFO = -5
      ELSE IF( LDB.LT.MAX1, N ) ) THEN
         INFO = -8
      ELSE IF( LDX.LT.MAX1, N ) ) THEN
         INFO = -10
      END IF
      IF( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN
         CALL XERBLA( 'CTPRFS'-INFO )
         RETURN
      END IF
*
*     Quick return if possible
*
      IF( N.EQ.0 .OR. NRHS.EQ.0 ) THEN
         DO 10 J = 1, NRHS
            FERR( J ) = ZERO
            BERR( J ) = ZERO
   10    CONTINUE
         RETURN
      END IF
*
      IF( NOTRAN ) THEN
         TRANSN = 'N'
         TRANST = 'C'
      ELSE
         TRANSN = 'C'
         TRANST = 'N'
      END IF
*
*     NZ = maximum number of nonzero elements in each row of A, plus 1
*
      NZ = N + 1
      EPS = SLAMCH( 'Epsilon' )
      SAFMIN = SLAMCH( 'Safe minimum' )
      SAFE1 = NZ*SAFMIN
      SAFE2 = SAFE1 / EPS
*
*     Do for each right hand side
*
      DO 250 J = 1, NRHS
*
*        Compute residual R = B - op(A) * X,
*        where op(A) = A, A**T, or A**H, depending on TRANS.
*
         CALL CCOPY( N, X( 1, J ), 1, WORK, 1 )
         CALL CTPMV( UPLO, TRANS, DIAG, N, AP, WORK, 1 )
         CALL CAXPY( N, -ONE, B( 1, J ), 1, WORK, 1 )
*
*        Compute componentwise relative backward error from formula
*
*        max(i) ( abs(R(i)) / ( abs(op(A))*abs(X) + abs(B) )(i) )
*
*        where abs(Z) is the componentwise absolute value of the matrix
*        or vector Z.  If the i-th component of the denominator is less
*        than SAFE2, then SAFE1 is added to the i-th components of the
*        numerator and denominator before dividing.
*
         DO 20 I = 1, N
            RWORK( I ) = CABS1( B( I, J ) )
   20    CONTINUE
*
         IF( NOTRAN ) THEN
*
*           Compute abs(A)*abs(X) + abs(B).
*
            IF( UPPER ) THEN
               KC = 1
               IF( NOUNIT ) THEN
                  DO 40 K = 1, N
                     XK = CABS1( X( K, J ) )
                     DO 30 I = 1, K
                        RWORK( I ) = RWORK( I ) +
     $                               CABS1( AP( KC+I-1 ) )*XK
   30                CONTINUE
                     KC = KC + K
   40             CONTINUE
               ELSE
                  DO 60 K = 1, N
                     XK = CABS1( X( K, J ) )
                     DO 50 I = 1, K - 1
                        RWORK( I ) = RWORK( I ) +
     $                               CABS1( AP( KC+I-1 ) )*XK
   50                CONTINUE
                     RWORK( K ) = RWORK( K ) + XK
                     KC = KC + K
   60             CONTINUE
               END IF
            ELSE
               KC = 1
               IF( NOUNIT ) THEN
                  DO 80 K = 1, N
                     XK = CABS1( X( K, J ) )
                     DO 70 I = K, N
                        RWORK( I ) = RWORK( I ) +
     $                               CABS1( AP( KC+I-K ) )*XK
   70                CONTINUE
                     KC = KC + N - K + 1
   80             CONTINUE
               ELSE
                  DO 100 K = 1, N
                     XK = CABS1( X( K, J ) )
                     DO 90 I = K + 1, N
                        RWORK( I ) = RWORK( I ) +
     $                               CABS1( AP( KC+I-K ) )*XK
   90                CONTINUE
                     RWORK( K ) = RWORK( K ) + XK
                     KC = KC + N - K + 1
  100             CONTINUE
               END IF
            END IF
         ELSE
*
*           Compute abs(A**H)*abs(X) + abs(B).
*
            IF( UPPER ) THEN
               KC = 1
               IF( NOUNIT ) THEN
                  DO 120 K = 1, N
                     S = ZERO
                     DO 110 I = 1, K
                        S = S + CABS1( AP( KC+I-1 ) )*CABS1( X( I, J ) )
  110                CONTINUE
                     RWORK( K ) = RWORK( K ) + S
                     KC = KC + K
  120             CONTINUE
               ELSE
                  DO 140 K = 1, N
                     S = CABS1( X( K, J ) )
                     DO 130 I = 1, K - 1
                        S = S + CABS1( AP( KC+I-1 ) )*CABS1( X( I, J ) )
  130                CONTINUE
                     RWORK( K ) = RWORK( K ) + S
                     KC = KC + K
  140             CONTINUE
               END IF
            ELSE
               KC = 1
               IF( NOUNIT ) THEN
                  DO 160 K = 1, N
                     S = ZERO
                     DO 150 I = K, N
                        S = S + CABS1( AP( KC+I-K ) )*CABS1( X( I, J ) )
  150                CONTINUE
                     RWORK( K ) = RWORK( K ) + S
                     KC = KC + N - K + 1
  160             CONTINUE
               ELSE
                  DO 180 K = 1, N
                     S = CABS1( X( K, J ) )
                     DO 170 I = K + 1, N
                        S = S + CABS1( AP( KC+I-K ) )*CABS1( X( I, J ) )
  170                CONTINUE
                     RWORK( K ) = RWORK( K ) + S
                     KC = KC + N - K + 1
  180             CONTINUE
               END IF
            END IF
         END IF
         S = ZERO
         DO 190 I = 1, N
            IF( RWORK( I ).GT.SAFE2 ) THEN
               S = MAX( S, CABS1( WORK( I ) ) / RWORK( I ) )
            ELSE
               S = MAX( S, ( CABS1( WORK( I ) )+SAFE1 ) /
     $             ( RWORK( I )+SAFE1 ) )
            END IF
  190    CONTINUE
         BERR( J ) = S
*
*        Bound error from formula
*
*        norm(X - XTRUE) / norm(X) .le. FERR =
*        norm( abs(inv(op(A)))*
*           ( abs(R) + NZ*EPS*( abs(op(A))*abs(X)+abs(B) ))) / norm(X)
*
*        where
*          norm(Z) is the magnitude of the largest component of Z
*          inv(op(A)) is the inverse of op(A)
*          abs(Z) is the componentwise absolute value of the matrix or
*             vector Z
*          NZ is the maximum number of nonzeros in any row of A, plus 1
*          EPS is machine epsilon
*
*        The i-th component of abs(R)+NZ*EPS*(abs(op(A))*abs(X)+abs(B))
*        is incremented by SAFE1 if the i-th component of
*        abs(op(A))*abs(X) + abs(B) is less than SAFE2.
*
*        Use CLACN2 to estimate the infinity-norm of the matrix
*           inv(op(A)) * diag(W),
*        where W = abs(R) + NZ*EPS*( abs(op(A))*abs(X)+abs(B) )))
*
         DO 200 I = 1, N
            IF( RWORK( I ).GT.SAFE2 ) THEN
               RWORK( I ) = CABS1( WORK( I ) ) + NZ*EPS*RWORK( I )
            ELSE
               RWORK( I ) = CABS1( WORK( I ) ) + NZ*EPS*RWORK( I ) +
     $                      SAFE1
            END IF
  200    CONTINUE
*
         KASE = 0
  210    CONTINUE
         CALL CLACN2( N, WORK( N+1 ), WORK, FERR( J ), KASE, ISAVE )
         IF( KASE.NE.0 ) THEN
            IF( KASE.EQ.1 ) THEN
*
*              Multiply by diag(W)*inv(op(A)**H).
*
               CALL CTPSV( UPLO, TRANST, DIAG, N, AP, WORK, 1 )
               DO 220 I = 1, N
                  WORK( I ) = RWORK( I )*WORK( I )
  220          CONTINUE
            ELSE
*
*              Multiply by inv(op(A))*diag(W).
*
               DO 230 I = 1, N
                  WORK( I ) = RWORK( I )*WORK( I )
  230          CONTINUE
               CALL CTPSV( UPLO, TRANSN, DIAG, N, AP, WORK, 1 )
            END IF
            GO TO 210
         END IF
*
*        Normalize error.
*
         LSTRES = ZERO
         DO 240 I = 1, N
            LSTRES = MAX( LSTRES, CABS1( X( I, J ) ) )
  240    CONTINUE
         IF( LSTRES.NE.ZERO )
     $      FERR( J ) = FERR( J ) / LSTRES
*
  250 CONTINUE
*
      RETURN
*
*     End of CTPRFS
*
      END